MME is quoting Philip Doddridge, Lecture CXCII, in The Works of Rev. P. Doddridge: “The obligation of the precepts contained in New Testament continues so long as the reasons on which they were founded continue, and ceases when the observation of any particular precept is inconsistent with another of a more general nature, or of greater importance for promoting the essential branches of virtue” Doddridge_Works40 Works of the Rev. P. Doddridge Doddridge, mWorks Doddridge Philip #genreBroad#religious-writings #genreSpecific#theology #genreSpecific#sermon #lecture #philosophy #letters Edward Baines Leeds 1802-1805 10 vols. cit 5:286 .

MME quotes from Lecture CXCII of Philip Doddridge: “2. Dem. 1. Many precepts are delivered in such manner, that they must necessarily admit of some exception, in order to reconcile them with each other, and with the natural law of God, founded on the mutable and immutable relation of things … 2. The law of slant(italic)Moses , which is delivered in as general and universal a stile as the precepts of Christ, was in some instances violated, without any crime, by those who were still in general under the obligations of that law” Doddridge_Works40 Works of the Rev. P. Doddridge Doddridge, mWorks Doddridge Philip #genreBroad#religious-writings #genreSpecific#theology #genreSpecific#sermon #lecture #philosophy #letters Edward Baines Leeds 1802-1805 10 vols. cit 5:286 .

MME is quoting and paraphrasing Friedrich von Schlegel, Lectures on the History of Literature, Ancient and Modern: “The classical period of Roman literature, then, reckoning from the consulate of Cicero till the death of Trajan, included no more than one hundred and eighty years. Within the same period also the science of jurisprudence, the only original intellectual possession of great value to which the Romans can lay undisputed claim, received its first development, and began to assume the appearance of a science” Schlegel_Lectures166 Lectures on the History of Literature, Ancient and Modern Schlegel, mLectures Schlegel Friedrich von translator Lockhart John Gibson #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#lecture-group #genreSpecific#literary-criticism #history Thomas Dobson and Son Philadelphia 1818 2 vols. cit 1:159 .

MME is misquoting Francis Bacon: “But it is manifest, that Plato, in his opinion of ideas as one that had a wit of elevation situate as upon a cliff, did decry ‘That forms were the true object of knowledge;’ but lost the real fruit of his opinion, by considering of forms as absolutely abstracted from matter, and not confined and determined by matter; and so turning his opinion upon theology, wherewith all his natural philosophy is infected” Bacon_Advancement5 Advancement of Learning Bacon, mAdvancement Bacon Francis #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#philosophy #genreSpecific#education Ward, Lock, and Co. London 1800 cit 72 .

MME likely refers to Numa Pompilius’s reputed consort and advisor, the Italian water nymph Egeria. For the insurance of easy deliveries, pregnant women made sacrifices to Egeria ) is ?> NA_Numa_Pompilius131 Numa Pompilius Howatson M.C. Oxford Companion to Classical Literature aNuma Pompilius http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199548545.001.0001/acref-9780199548545-e-2103 Oxford University Press 2011 cit .

MME is commonplacing Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising his Practical Philosophy, Translated from the Greek as translated by John Gillies: “The Divinity … ever is what he is, existing in energy before time began, since time is only an affection of motion, of which God is the author. That kind of life which the best and happiest of men lead occasionally, in unobstructed exercise of their highest powers, belongs eternally to God in a degree that should excite admiration in proportion as it surpasses comprehension” Gillies_Aristotles_Ethics62 Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising His Practical Philosophy . . . Gillies, mAristotle's Ethics Aristotle translator Gillies John #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#classical #genreSpecific#ethics #philosophy T. Cadell and W. Davies London 1813 2 vols. cit 1:155 .

MME is commonplacing Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising his Practical Philosophy, Translated from the Greek, as translated by John Gillies: “He began by proving that the happiness of man consists in the exercise of the moral and intellectual virtues; or, in his own technical language, ‘that happiness is energy directed in the line of virtue.’…This system is totally different from that which regards morality as founded solely or ultimately on feeling, whether a moral sense, sympathy, or any other modification of merely sensitive nature; an absurd doctrine, liable to gross and dangerous perversion; and which has often been employed to justify, and even to produce the wildest practical errors”; and “Familiar with the correct geometry of his times, he discerned the concatenation of truths, which, being linked indissolubly together, unite the most distant, and seemingly unconnected extremes” Gillies_Aristotles_Ethics62 Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising His Practical Philosophy . . . Gillies, mAristotle's Ethics Aristotle translator Gillies John #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#classical #genreSpecific#ethics #philosophy T. Cadell and W. Davies London 1813 2 vols. cit 1:290, 131 .

MME is commonplacing slant(italic)Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising his Practical Philosophy, Translated from the Greek, as translated by John Gillies: “It is the doctrine of Aristotle, a doctrine long and obstinately disputed, but now very generally received, that all our direct knowledge originates from sense” Gillies_Aristotles_Ethics62 Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising His Practical Philosophy . . . Gillies, mAristotle's Ethics Aristotle translator Gillies John #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#classical #genreSpecific#ethics #philosophy T. Cadell and W. Davies London 1813 2 vols. cit 1:46 . No Tolman transcript is extant for this text.

MME is quoting Charles Rollin: “Now, it is unanimously agreed by all astronomers, that several thousands of years must pass, before any such situation of the stars, as they would imagine, can twice happen; and it is very certain, that the state in which the heavens will be to-morrow has never yet been since the creation of the world” Rollin_Ancient_History159 Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians Rollin, mAncient History Rollin Charles #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#history Munroe & Francis Boston 1805 8 vols. cit 2:186-187 . No Tolman transcript is extant for this text.

MME is commonplacing from Thomas Reid, An Inquiry into the Human Mind, on the Principles of Common Sense: “The progeny that followed, is still more frightful; so that is surprising, that one could be found who had the courage to act the midwife, to rear it up, and to usher it into the world. No causes nor effects; no substances, material or spiritual; no evidence even in mathematical demonstration; no liberty nor active power; nothing existing in nature, This but impressions and ideas following each other, without time, place, or subject … The dissimilitude of our sensations and feelings to external things, is the innocent mother of most of them … Now, this can with no propriety be called an association of ideas, unless ideas and belief be one and the same thing. A child has found the prick of a pin conjoined with pain; hence, he believes, and knows, that these things are naturally connected; he knows that the one will always follow the other. If any man will call this only an association of ideas, I dispute not about words, but I think he speaks very improperly. For if we express it in plain English, it is prescience, that things which he hath found conjoined in time past, will be conjoined in time to come. And this prescience is not the effect of reasoning, but of an original principle of human nature, which I have called the inductive principle … the best models of inductive reasoning that have yet appeared, which I take to be the third book of the Principia and the Optics of NEWTON, were drawn from BACON’s rules. The purpose of all those rules, is to teach us to distinguish seeming or apparent connections of things in the course of nature, from such as are real.” MME also references Reid’s explanation of Joseph Addison’s theory “that light and colours, as apprehended by the imagination, are only ideas in the mind, and not qualities that have any existence in matter” Reid_Inquiry154 An Inquiry into the Human Mind, on the Principles of Common Sense Reid, mInquiry Reid Thomas #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#philosophy Bell & Bradfute Edinburgh and London 1801 cit 191, 192, 434, 437, 179 .

MME’s positive conception of “enthusiasm” may be inspired by or responding to Germaine de Staël, whose Influence of Literature upon Society she is reading at this time. In this work, as well as in three chapters dedicated to “enthusiasm” in Germany, de Staël links “a reflected enthusiasm, and a pure exaltation of mind” De_Staël_Influence38 Influence of Literature Upon Society De Staël, mInfluence De Staël-Holstein Anne Louise Germaine #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#literary-criticism W. Wells and T. B. Wait Boston 1813 2 vols. cit 1:275 , and she asserts that “enthusiasm is connected with the harmony of the universe: it is the love of the beautiful, elevation of soul, enjoyment of devotion”; similar to MME, she also relates this emotion to “men [who] take up arms indeed for the defence of the land which they inhabit . . . inspired by the enthusiasm of their country”; and she asserts that “if the soul be really moved within us, if in the universe it seeks a God, even if it be still sensible to glory and to love, the clouds of heaven will hold converse with it, the torrents will listen to its voice, and the breeze that passes through the grove, seems to deign to whisper to us something of those we love De_Staël_Germany37 Germany De Staël, mGermany De Staël-Holstein Anne Louise Germaine #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#Romanticism #genreSpecific#literary-criticism #history #theology #philosophy Eastburn, Kirk New York 1814 3 vols. in 2 cit 2:328, 339, 341-42 . In contrast to De Staël and MME, some post-Enlightenment figures, such as Thomas Reid, whom MME is also reading at this time, assert that “imagination . . . or the most frantic enthusiasm” can be a product of “delirium” Reid_Inquiry154 An Inquiry into the Human Mind, on the Principles of Common Sense Reid, mInquiry Reid Thomas #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#philosophy Bell & Bradfute Edinburgh and London 1801 cit 46-47 .

MME is quoting and paraphrasing an 1821 review of Dugald Stewart’s Outlines of Moral Philosophy, for the use of students in the University of Edinburgh (1818), from the Christian Spectator: “And in the first place, ‘too much stress’ he says ‘has been laid on the argument derived from the nature of mind.’ The proper use of the doctrine of the soul’s Immateriality, he says, is ‘not to demonstrate that the soul is physically and necessarily immortal; but to refute the objections which have been urged against the possibility of its existing in a separate state from the body.’ In short, he does not think our knowledge of the nature of mind is sufficient to afford us any positive argument on the subject; for we know nothing of the nature of mind except that, since its qualities are essentially different from the qualities of matter, the nature of the one is probably different from the nature of the other; and consequently the dissolution of the body does not necessarily imply the extinction of the soul, but the ‘presumption is in favour of the contrary supposition.’ So confident is he however, that the nature of mind and body are essentially different, that he considers even the Ideal theory of Berkeley as ‘more philosophical than the doctrine of materialism,’ in as much as the former ‘only contradicts the suggestion of our perceptions, while the latter contradicts the suggestions of our consciousness.’ The latter part of this article is too good to be passed over without presenting to our readers almost the whole of it. ‘There are various circumstances which render it highly probable, that the union between soul and body, which takes place in our present state, so far from being essential to the exercise of our powers and faculties, was intended to limit the sphere of our information; and to prevent us from acquiring in this early stage of our being, too clear a view of the constitution and government of the universe. Indeed when we reflect on the difference between the operations of mind and the qualities of matter, it appears much more wonderful, that the two substances should be so intimately united, as we find them actually to be, than to suppose that the former may exist in a conscious and intelligent state when separated from the latter’ ” NA_Review_of_New_Publications136 Review of New Publications Christian Spectator aNew Publications page244-57 #genreBroad#reviews #genreSpecific#literary-criticism May 1821 vol3 issue5 pp244257244–57 cit 246 .

MME is paraphrasing Germaine De Staël: “The ancients were better skilled in morals than in philosophy: an accurate study of the sciences is necessary to rectify metaphysics: but nature has placed in the heart of man a guide to conduct him to virtue: nevertheless, nothing could be more unsettled and unconnected than the moral code of the ancients … Rank and morals were confounded by many of the Greek philosophers: the love of study, and the performance of the first duties, were classed together. In their enthusiasm for the faculties of the mind, they allowed them a place of esteem beyond every thing else: they excited men to the acquirement of admiration; but they never looked with an eye of penetration into the heart” De_Staël_Influence38 Influence of Literature Upon Society De Staël, mInfluence De Staël-Holstein Anne Louise Germaine #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#literary-criticism W. Wells and T. B. Wait Boston 1813 2 vols. cit 1:121 .

MME is quoting from Charles Robert Maturin’s gothic novel Melmoth the Wanderer: “Is the fire caught from heaven to be employed in lighting a faggot to keep the cold from the numbed and wasted fingers of poverty” Maturin_Melmoth85 Melmoth the Wanderer: A Tale Maturin, mMelmoth Maturin Charles Robert #genreBroad#literature #genreSpecific#fiction Archibald Constable Edinburgh 1820 4 vols. cit 4:115 .

We have not been able to ascertain MME’s source for Plato’s Republic in this particular Almanack, but because she extracts several excerpts from Gillies’s translation of Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics on its front and back covers, she may allude to his extensive discussion of the Republic and women’s role within it. Gillies objects to Plato’s premise that guardian women and children be shared by guardian men, believing that men are the injured party in this relation Gillies_Aristotles_Ethics62 Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising His Practical Philosophy . . . Gillies, mAristotle's Ethics Aristotle translator Gillies John #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#classical #genreSpecific#ethics #philosophy T. Cadell and W. Davies London 1813 2 vols. cit 2:85-86, 98-94, 98 .

MME is quoting from John Gillies’s translation of Aristotle: “With Aristotle, all will is free-will; since nothing can be more free than that which is voluntary” Gillies_Aristotles_Ethics62 Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics, Comprising His Practical Philosophy . . . Gillies, mAristotle's Ethics Aristotle translator Gillies John #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#classical #genreSpecific#ethics #philosophy T. Cadell and W. Davies London 1813 2 vols. cit 1:289 .

MME is commonplacing from Friedrich von Schlegel’s Lectures on the History of Literature, as indicated by other passages in this Almanack: “After the time of Charlemagne, the multiplying of manuscripts was a work pursued with the most zealous and systematical application”; and “The Greek language was certainly not unknown in Germany, at least between the time of Charlemagne, who learned Greek himself in his old age” Schlegel_Lectures166 Lectures on the History of Literature, Ancient and Modern Schlegel, mLectures Schlegel Friedrich von translator Lockhart John Gibson #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#lecture-group #genreSpecific#literary-criticism #history Thomas Dobson and Son Philadelphia 1818 2 vols. cit 1:282,285 .

MME commonplaces from Friedrich von Schlegel’s Lectures on the History of Literature: “Besides, in the countries whose present languages are of Roman origin, the Latin, in those days, was scarcely considered as a foreign or even as a dead language, but rather as the old and genuine language of the land, preserved in its regularity and purity by the men of learning and education, in opposition to the corrupt and vague dialects of the common people—the vulgar tongues, as they were called. In those countries the Latin language ceased not to be a living one till the 9th or 10th century. . . . But it is evident that the delusion under which men lay in considering the Latin language as still alive, many centuries after it was really extinct, was very much prolonged by the perpetual use of that language in all the observances of religion, and in all the societies of the cloisters. It sustained daily altercations, but was never altogether laid aside” Schlegel_Lectures166 Lectures on the History of Literature, Ancient and Modern Schlegel, mLectures Schlegel Friedrich von translator Lockhart John Gibson #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#lecture-group #genreSpecific#literary-criticism #history Thomas Dobson and Son Philadelphia 1818 2 vols. cit 1:278-9 .

MME is paraphrasing Germaine De Staël: “ Socrates and Plato preferred speaking to writing; because they felt, without exactly rendering to themselves an account of their talents, that their ideas belonged more to imitation than to analysis. They loved to have recourse to that impulse and elevation of thought which is produced by the animated language of conversation; and they searched with as much diligence for something to inflame the imagination, as the metaphysicians and moralists of our days would employ, to secure their works from the smallest appearance of poetic.” For deriving their inspiration from poetry, De Staël praises Alexander Pope, John Milton, Thomas Gray, Oliver Goldsmith, John Dryden, Edward Young, William Shakespeare, Henry Fielding, and Samuel Richardson De_Staël_Influence38 Influence of Literature Upon Society De Staël, mInfluence De Staël-Holstein Anne Louise Germaine #genreBroad#nonfiction #genreSpecific#literary-criticism W. Wells and T. B. Wait Boston 1813 2 vols. cit 1: 143, 318-327 .

MME is quoting Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments: “As in the common degree of the intellectual qualities, there are no abilities; so in the common degree of the moral, there is no virtue” Smith_Theory176 Theory of Moral Sentiments . . . Smith, mTheory Smith Adam #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#philosophy Wells and Lilly Boston 1817 2 vols. cit 1:25 .

MME is quoting Dugald Stewart’s Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind: “The chief difference between the opinions of Plato and Aristotle on the subject of ideas, related to the mode of their existence. That the matter of which all things are made, existed from eternity, was a principle that both admitted; but Plato farther taught, that, of every species of things, there is an idea of form which also existed from eternity, and that this idea is the exemplar or model according to which the individuals of the species were made; whereas Aristotle held, that, although matter may exist without form, yet that forms could not exist without matter” Stewart_Elements180 Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind Stewart, mElements Stewart Dugald #genreBroad#philosophy #genreSpecific#philosophy Wells and Lilly Boston 1821 2 vols. bound in one cit 1:93 . MME also quotes from William Wordsworth’s poem “The Wanderer” in The Excursion: Being a Portion of the Recluse, a Poem: “But we have known that there is often found / In mournful thoughts, and always might be found, / A power to virtue friendly” Wordsworth_Wanderer206 The Wanderer Wordsworth William The Excursion, Being a Portion of the Recluse, a Poem Wordsworth, aWanderer page3-49 #genreBroad#literature #genreSpecific#poetry #genreSpecific#Romanticism Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown London 1814 pp3493–49 cit 34 .