The quotations, citations, and other references made by women writers in the WWO collection.
| Source Text(definition of “Source text”) | Gesture(definition of “Intertextual gesture”) | Referenced Work(definition of “Referenced work”) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Text | Topics & Genres (definition of “Topic”) | Text of the Gesture | Gesture Type (The Terminology page on “”) | Text | Topics & Genres (definition of “Topic”) |
| Astell, Mary. Reflections upon Marriage. 1700. | A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Advancement of their true and greatest Interest | advertisement | Astell, Mary. A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. 1694. | Gender commentary | |
| Astell, Mary. Reflections upon Marriage. 1700. | A Serious Proposal to the Ladies | advertisement | Astell, Mary. A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. 1694. | Gender commentary | |
| Astell, Mary. A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. 1694. | Gender commentary | Proposal | title | Astell, Mary. A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. 1694. | Gender commentary |
| Barbauld, Anna Laetitia (Aikin). A Legacy for Young Ladies. | Gender commentary | Prose Hymns, | title | Barbauld, Anna Laetitia (Aikin). A Legacy for Young Ladies. | Gender commentary |
| Benger, Elizabeth Ogilvy. The Female Geniad. 1791. | Poetry | Letters on Female Education | title | Cartwright, H. Letters on Female Education. 1777. | |
| Brooks, Maria (Gowen). Idomen; or, The Vale of Yumuri. 1843. | Novel | Life of Mary Wolstoncroft, | title | Godwin, William. Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. 1798. | |
| Brooks, Maria (Gowen). “Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven.” Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven. 1834. | Poetry | “Dans le livre de la parure des femmes, chap. 2. Tertulien explique, plus au long, pourquoi le démon et ses mauvais anges apprirent, autre fois, aux femmes l'art de se farder et les moyens d'embellir leurs corps. Ils volurent, sans doute, dit il, les recompenser des faveurs qu'elles leurs avoient accordés: Tertulien suppose donc qu'il y avoit eu un mauvais commerce entre les mauvais anges at les femmes. | quote | Tertullian. De Habitu Muliebri. | |
| Brooks, Maria (Gowen). “Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven.” Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven. 1834. | Poetry | ‘ut hæc ignominia fœminæ accedat’ | quote | Tertullian. De Habitu Muliebri. | |
| Brooks, Maria (Gowen). “Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven.” Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven. 1834. | Poetry | “Nam cúm et materias quasdam bene occultas et artes plurasque non bene revelatas, seculo, multó magis imperito prodidissent (siquidem et metallorum opera nudaverant et herbarum ingenia traduxerant et incantationum vires promulgaverant et omnem curiositatem usque ad stellarum interpretationem designaverant) propriè et quasi peculiariter fœminis instrumentum istud muliebris gloriæ contulerunt: lumina lapillorum, quibus brachia arcantur; et medicamenta ex fuco, quibus lanæ colorantur et illum ipsum nigrem pulverem, quo oculorum exordia producantur.” | quote | Tertullian. De Habitu Muliebri. | |
| Brooks, Maria (Gowen). “Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven.” Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven. 1834. | Poetry | De Habitu Muliebri | title | Tertullian. De Habitu Muliebri. | |
| Brooks, Maria (Gowen). “Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven.” Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven. 1834. | Poetry | De Habitu Muliebri; | title | Tertullian. De Habitu Muliebri. | |
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | Ch. Call'd, The Lunar Tribute. | citation | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | “it is onely proper to humane kind.” | quote | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | Of the Stone, ch. 6. See the ch. called, A Numero- Critical Paradox of Supplies. | citation | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | “The Bladder and the same Urine in number procreates a duelech of another condition, then that which is made in the Kidney.” | quote | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | “The Stone is not bred by heat, but heat is rather an effect of the stone; neither is a certain muscilage, or a slimy, snivelly Phlegme the cause or matter of the stone, but the stone is the cause of the phlegme.” | quote | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | “Every generated thing or being” | quote | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | “must of necessity have a certain place or womb where it is produced; for there must needs be places wherein things may be made before they are bred.” | quote | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | Ch. 7. | citation | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | “That no disease is incurable,” | quote | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Cavendish, Margaret (Lucas), Duchess of Newcastle. Philosophical Letters. 1664. | “For he himself has cured many of the Stone to which they had been obedient for some years.” | quote | Helmont, Jean Baptiste van. “A Lunar Tribute.” Van Helmont's Works, Containing His Most Excellent Philosophy, Physick, Chirurgery, Anatomy. 1664. | ||
| Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. Essays, Philanthropic and Moral. 1836. | “I will venture to affirm,” | quote | More, Hannah. Coelebs in Search of a Wife: Comprehending Observations on Domestic Habits and Manners, Religion and Morals. 1810. | Gender commentary | |
| Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. Essays, Philanthropic and Moral. 1836. | “that let a woman know what she may, yet if she knows not this, she is ignorant of the most indispensable, the most appropriate branch of female knowledge.” | quote | More, Hannah. Coelebs in Search of a Wife: Comprehending Observations on Domestic Habits and Manners, Religion and Morals. 1810. | Gender commentary | |
| Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler. 1836. | Poetry | An Appeal to the Ladies of the United States. | title | Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. “An Appeal to the Ladies of the United States.” Lundy, Benjamin (editor). The Genius of Universal Emancipation. 1829. | Gender commentary |
| Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler. 1836. | Poetry | “An Appeal to the Ladies of the United States. It has been frequently asserted, that, to the heart of woman, the voice of humanity has never yet appealed in vain—that her ear is never deaf to the cry of suffering, nor her active sympathies ever unheeded when called upon, in behalf of the oppressed. If this be true, then surely we have no reason to fear, that she will listen with cold, careless inattention to our appeal for those who are among the outcasts of creation—our African slave population. It will be unnecessary to enter very deeply into a discussion respecting the merits or demerits of the case before us— for we presume that there are few, especially among our own sex, who will not readily acknowledge the injustice of the slave system. It is admitted by the planters themselves,—it must be felt by every thinking mind;—nor is it an outrage merely against the laws of humanity, but it is destructive and ruinous, both in its moral and political effects, alike to the master and to the victim of his oppression. We might bid you look abroad over a large section of our country, and you would behold fields lying waste and uncultivated—here and there a lordly domain rising in proud eminence, surrounded by clusters of miserable tenements, whose still more miserable inhabitants are toiling indolently and unwillingly to feed the luxury of their possessor—and we might bid you listen, for a moment, and you would hear the clank of chains, and the low deep groan of unutterable distress, mingling with the exulting hurras that tell of our country's liberty. We might tell you of more than this—we might tell you of females, ay, females—maidens and mothers, kneeling down before a cruel taskmaster, while the horsewhip was suspended over them, to plead for mercy— for mercy which was denied them: but we do not wish to arouse you to a sudden burst of indignation, or we might tell you of far darker and more fearful tales than these.—We wish to impress you with a firm, steady, conviction of the manifest injustice and pernicious effects attendant on slavery, and with a deep sense of your own responsibility in either directly or indirectly lending it your encouragement. But it may be, that some among you do not behold this subject in the light in which we wish to point it out to you. Many of you have been educated to believe this system natural and right—or if not right, at least a necessary evil. You observe the dark countenances of the slaves lighted up with smiles; you hear the sounds of merriment proceeding from their cabins; and you therefore conclude that they cannot be otherwise than happy;—as if the bitterst things of earth never wore a veil of brightness, or the mask of gaiety never served to conceal a bursting heart!—What! can the slave be happy?—happy —‘while the lash unfolds its torturing coil’ above his head? —happy—while he is denied the blessings of liberty—while he is condemned to toil, day after day, week after week, and year after year, with a scanty sustenance for his only reward —while even the few fragments of bliss which he may have gathered are dependant for their existence on the precarious will of a tyrant? Happy! no, never! He may mingle rejoicingly in scenes of merriment, and the loud laugh of unreflecting mirth may seem to burst exultingly from his lips; but it would be a profanation of the name of happiness to say, that her abode was ever in the bosom of the slave. We appeal to yourselves to know what it is that forms the deepest bliss of your life—and will you not, one and all of you, answer, that it is the exercise of the social affections?—Then how can the slave be happy! How may he garner up his affections like holy things, when one word from his fellow-man may lay the sanctuary of his heart all waste, and bare, and desolate!— Mother, look down at that infant slumbering by your side;— have not its smiles become, as it were, a portion of your existence? Could you not sit hour by hour, and day by day, living upon the innocent expressions of its confiding affection —watching the gay dimples sporting over its laughing face, and the shadows of its silky curls lying so beautifully upon its polished forehead? Look at that rounded arm, thrown so gracefully over its peaceful little bosom!—and see, he smiles in his slumbers!—that happy dream has broken his rest—and now his blue eye is visible beneath the white cloud that was resting upon it: he sees the mother, and his exulting laugh rings musically out, and he springs joyously to the arms that are stretched out to receive him. Does not fancy look forward to the time, when thou shalt behold him in the pride of manhood, when he shall be the soother of thy griefs, and the promoter of thy happiness, and when his grateful affection shall be as a canopy under which thou mayst shelter thy declining years? Yet, were it told to thee that just when he has arisen into bold, glad boyhood, when those beautiful bright eyes have begun to kindle with awakening intellect and early knowledge, when the deep feelings of his heart are beginning to gather themselves together,—and reason and gratitude to mingle with his instinctive love—wert thou told, that then he should be torn from thee, and borne away forever into hopeless, irremediable slavery—wouldst thou not rather that death should at once set his cold signet upon him, there, where he sleeps in his innocent beauty in the cradle by thy side? And yet this is the lot of hundreds—nay of thousands of human mothers—and that, too, in this our land, which we so proudly proclaim to be the only free country on the face of the globe. But you may perhaps argue—‘We admit all the evils of which you so loudly complain; we acknowledge that the system of slavery is alike disgraceful and unjust; but it is to men, not to us, that you should appeal—to our statesmen, and to those who are the immediate supporters of the wrongs, the planters themselves. We can only lament over the blot on our country's fair scutcheon, but our tears will never efface it—our power is inadequate to the subtracting of one single item from the sum of African misery.’ Believe us, you deceive yourselves. No power to meliorate the horrors of slavery! American women! your power is sufficient for its extinction! and oh! by every sympathy most holy to the breast of woman, are ye called upon for the exertion of that potency! Are ye not sisters, and daughters, and wives, and mothers? and have ye no influence over those who are bound to you by the closest ties of relationship? Is it not your task to give the first bent to the minds of those, who at some future day are to be their country's counsellors, and her saviours, or, by a blind persistence in a career of injustice—her ruin! There are many, who endeavor to silence the upbraidings of conscience, by persuading themselves that, be the consequences of slavery what they may, they at least are innocent of them; they have no slaves under their immediate charge; and so they sit quietly down, and satisfy their delicate feelings —too sensitively refined to bear a description of the horrors of slavery—by railing at those more directly concerned, and on whom, therefore, they choose to fling the whole weight of responsibility for the crime. Now we assert, that they all are implicated, who are consumers of the produce obtained through the medium of slave labour; and that therefore all, though not perhaps in an equal degree, must be sharers in the guilt. Do you demand, ‘What are we to do? how can we avoid thus indirectly becoming supporters of slavery? and in what manner would you have us to exert our influence?’ We would have you exert your influence, by instilling into the minds of your offspring a deep-felt sense of their duty as men and christians, to perform that glorious office of breaking the fetters of the oppressed, which the prejudices of their fathers left unaccomplished. You may altogether avoid lending your support to the slave system, by refusing to be benefited by its advantages; and you can aid its extinction, by giving on every occasion the preference to the products of free labour. But you are still unpersuaded!—You think, even if our statement be true, that slavery will never be abolished by such means; and especially, that your own individual sacrifices could have no effect; and to submit to such privations would therefore be useless. Is a conscience pure in the sight of Heaven, to be considered, then, as nothing? Surely not; nor will your individual exertions be of as little avail as you consider them. There are numbers, who have already ranged themselves under the banner of Emancipation, who will gladly hail any accession to their strength. We do not require of you any painful sacrifices; we do not wish to deprive you of your cherished luxuries—we entreat you only, whenever it may be in your power, to give the preference to products of free labour, and to persuade your friends to do likewise. Let societies be formed among you to promote this; let the use of such articles be rendered fashionable, and they will soon become easily procurable. It is true, some inconveniences will at first be unavoidable; the texture of your garments will perhaps be coarser than that of your accustomed wear, but they will cling less heavily around your forms, for the sighs of the broken-hearted will not linger among their folds. And who will dare to cast one scornful sneer upon that garb, which beauty and fashion have looked upon with approving smiles? As soon as a sufficient inducement is held out, free labour will be liberally employed; the experiment of its comparative advantages with that of the slave may then be fairly tried; and the slaveholders thus deprived of what is, at least to themselves, one of their most forcible arguments—that of the absolute necessity of maintaining slaves. The demand for free products will become greater than for those of the other class: they may then be afforded cheaper, and Emancipation must necessarily follow, for Interest herself will then plead for the manumission of the slave. Will you, then, remain sunk in guilty apathy, when such is the glorious guerdon held out as a reward for your exertions? Will you let the groans of the guiltless sufferer still rise up before the throne of heaven in accusation against you? or will you not stand boldly and nobly forth, in the face of the world, and declare that American women will never be tamely made the instruments of oppression?” | quote | Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. “An Appeal to the Ladies of the United States.” Lundy, Benjamin (editor). The Genius of Universal Emancipation. 1829. | Gender commentary |
| Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler. 1836. | Poetry | ‘I will not hypocritically accuse myself of offences which I have no temptation to commit, and from the commission of which motives inferior to religion would preserve me. But I am continually humbled in detecting mixed motives in almost all I do. Such struggling of pride in my endeavours after humility—such irresolution in my firmest purposes—so much imperfection in my best actions —such fresh shoots of selfishness where I hoped the plant itself was eradicated—such frequent deadness of duty—such infirmity of will—such proneness to earth in my highest aspirations after heaven.’ | quote | More, Hannah. Coelebs in Search of a Wife: Comprehending Observations on Domestic Habits and Manners, Religion and Morals. 1810. | Gender commentary |
| Clark, Emily Frederick. “The Esquimaux; or, Fidelity (vol. 1).” The Esquimaux; or, Fidelity. 1819. | Novel | “Oh, proud and madd'ning is the pleasure, When to my eyes thy form appears, All drest in nature's winning treasure, Of blushing hopes and graceful fears; And while our bosoms wildly beating, A thousand nameless raptures prove, Our eyes in speechless transport meeting, Shall love to gaze, and gaze to love.” | quote | Robinson, Mary (Darby). Walsingham; or, The Pupil of Nature. 1797. | |
| Clark, Emily Frederick. “The Esquimaux; or, Fidelity (vol. 1).” The Esquimaux; or, Fidelity. 1819. | Novel | Robinson. | citation | Robinson, Mary (Darby). Walsingham; or, The Pupil of Nature. 1797. | |
| Cushing, Eliza Lanesford (Foster). “Saratoga; a Tale of the Revolution (vol. 2).” Saratoga. 1824. | Novel | “lordly sex,” | quote | Murray, Judith (Sargent). On the Equality of the Sexes. 1789-03 – 1789-04. | |
| Edgeworth, Maria. Castle Rackrent. 1800. | Novel | “There is no woman where there’s no reserve.” | quote | Young, Edward. The Universal Passion. Satire VI. On Women. 1727. | |
| Edgeworth, Maria. Letters for Literary Ladies. 1795. | Letter | on Women's Virtues | title | Harrington, Charles. On Women's Virtues. | Gender commentary |
| Edgeworth, Maria. Letters for Literary Ladies. 1795. | Letter | “the private, civill, and heroyke;” | quote | Harrington, Charles. On Women's Virtues. | Gender commentary |
| Edgeworth, Maria. Letters for Literary Ladies. 1795. | Letter | “The fruit, malt, hops, to tend, to dry, to utter, To beat, strip, spin the wool, the hemp, the flax, Breed poultry, gather honey, try the wax, And more than all, to have good cheese and butter. Then next a step, but yet a large step higher, Came civill virtue fitter for the citty, With modest looks, good cloths, and answers witty; These baser things not done, but guided by her.” | quote | Harrington, Charles. On Women's Virtues. | Gender commentary |
| Edgeworth, Maria. Letters for Literary Ladies. 1795. | Letter | “yield her charms of mind with sweet delay?” | quote | Young, Edward. The Universal Passion. Satire VI. On Women. 1727. | |
| Edgeworth, Maria. Letters for Literary Ladies. 1795. | Letter | Essay on the Science of Self-Justification | title | Edgeworth, Maria. “Essay on the Science of Self-Justification.” Letters for Literary Ladies. 1795. | Gender commentary |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-Room Unlock'd, &c. | title | Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Muliebris: or, The Ladies Dressing-Room. 1690. | |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | Fop-Dictionary | title | Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | Mundus Muliebris, | title | Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | The Ladies Dressing-Room Unlock'd, &c | title | Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | Fop-Dictionary, | title | Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | A Present for Ladies. The Nymphs of Diana: Or, The Excellencies of Women-kind | advertisement | A Present for Ladies: The Nymphs of Diana; or, The Excellencies of Women-kind. | Gender commentary |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | The Examples of Warlike Women, their Noble Exploits and Victories: With the Prophesies and Predictions of the Sybils, in Relation to our Saviour Christ, &c. And as an Appendix, The Character of a Vertuous Woman in all her Capacities, viz. Of a Virgin,of a Wife, and of a Widow, wherein is showed the hass that accrues to Man, in the possession of so great a Blessing as a Vertuous Woman; with the Reasons why Men's happniness is not complete on Earth, without the Charming Creature Woman. The whole Work enrich'd and intermix'd with curious Poetry, and delicate Fancy, sutable to so Charming a Subject | advertisement | [unknown]. “The Character of a Virtuous Woman in all her Capacities, viz. Of a Virgin, of a Wife, and of a Widow.” A Present for Ladies: The Nymphs of Diana; or, The Excellencies of Women-kind. | Gender commentary |
| Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Muliebris: or, The Ladies Dressing-Room. 1690. | Fop-Dictionary | title | Evelyn, Mary. Mundus Foppensis: or, The Fop Displayed. 1691. | Gender commentary | |
| Green, Sarah. Romance Readers and Romance Writers: A Satirical Novel. 1810. | Novel | Cœlebs in search of a Wife?” | title | More, Hannah. Coelebs in Search of a Wife: Comprehending Observations on Domestic Habits and Manners, Religion and Morals. 1810. | Gender commentary |
| Green, Sarah. Romance Readers and Romance Writers: A Satirical Novel. 1810. | Novel | Cœlebs | title | More, Hannah. Coelebs in Search of a Wife: Comprehending Observations on Domestic Habits and Manners, Religion and Morals. 1810. | Gender commentary |
| Green, Sarah. Romance Readers and Romance Writers: A Satirical Novel. 1810. | Novel | Cœlebs | title | More, Hannah. Coelebs in Search of a Wife: Comprehending Observations on Domestic Habits and Manners, Religion and Morals. 1810. | Gender commentary |
| Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). “The Female Spectator (vol. 1).” The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | The Female Spectator | title | Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | ||
| Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). “The Female Spectator (vol. 1).” The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | Female Spectator | title | Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | ||
| Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). “The Female Spectator (vol. 1).” The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | Female Spectator | title | Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | ||
| Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). “The Female Spectator (vol. 1).” The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | Spectator | title | Haywood, Eliza (Fowler). The Female Spectator, 1745-46. 1745. | ||